transformation of monarchy

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Transformation of Monarchy
The rise of humanist thinking in late 14th century Europe came about with class antiquity which initially began in Italy and later spread through Western Europe. It refers to the period of Renaissance humanism, which was a reaction to utilitarian approach that was later depicted as having an association with medieval scholasticism. In the humanist thinking, there was an aim of creating a citizenry with the ability to speak and write in clarity and eloquence so as to engage in the public life of their societies and persuade other citizens to act virtuously. To accomplish this, there was a necessity to indulge in the study of humanities such as history, moral philosophy, grammar, poetry, and rhetoric.
Challenging the medieval world view, this gave rise to repression as well as violence as new ideas spread. Among the consequences of this, the transformation of the monarchy was a significant one. One of the major significant developments that brought about Renaissance was the fall of feudalism. Both the economic and social systems had occurred earlier in an empire known as Carolingian that was situated in the current France. Feudalism spread through Europe as it unified all phases of life both economically, socially and politically. This entailed that various social classes depended on each other through a diversified system of loyalty pledging which was carried out in exchange for properties and services. Kings were ranked at the top and had the mandate to own the land, while lords also referred to as the noblemen as well as the clergymen who were the church officials, were given large pieces of land by the kings.

Below the noblemen were the vassals also known as knights who were given small pieces of land by the lords. Peasants fell at the bottom and they worked in the fields owned by the lords and the noblemen, yet no land was given to them. However, feudalism experience a decline as capitalism rose where earning and investing money from business ventures was the basis of the economy.
Capitalism served as one of the major influences of Renaissance, as feudalism entailed few cities and most of the societies comprising of rural areas and small towns. Capitalism gave rise to cities which made a route to trade networks as the development of a different economy posed a challenge to the medieval system. Serfs began evading to urban areas so as to get jobs, as the middle class comprising of bankers and merchants was overtaking the noblemen. Monarchs who comprised of kings and queens replied to the chaotic state through consolidating their power. A major development in all the monarchies was the growth of nationalism and loyalty to one’s residence which was a unique feature during the Renaissance era.
In conclusion, a strong line of monarchs was established and it lasted for many years and raised France to a major power. England was shattered by the prolonged conflict with France, as the Tudor monarchs developed a new empire after emerging successfully from the struggle between two kinfolks for the rule of England. Their era, however, produced a great culture in the world and caused the creation of British Empire in the future centuries. In Spain, two monarchs known as Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon laid the basis for a vast empire through the unification of numerous independent provinces. Finally, in the 16th century, through the reign of Emperor Charles V, there was the spread of the Spanish Empire east from Spain and included kingdoms such as Germany, Naples, Hungary and Sicily. It stretched south and west to comprise possessions in the Americas and North Africa.