Viability For Wind Energy Implementation

Viability for wind energy implementation

Proposal

It is not anonymity that the indigenous communities of La Guajira are vulnerable for access to energy and drinking water for consumption and its basic needs and that is why we propose a proposal to generate energy through wind mechanization and also coincidingWith the fulfillment of the Kyoto protocol, since this implementation generates under environmental impact.

Justification

Access to electricity as a public service is relevant to promote the economic development of isolated communities. However, this service is not available in many remote communities. The provision of this service must be accompanied by some identification and characterization plans of energy needs, including the quality of energy and energy efficiency. This analysis summarizes the perception of indigenous communities in La Guajira, Colombia in the face of the provision of the electricity service and possible improvement actions with energy resources available in the area. To achieve this, a short investigation of the following factors was carried out: the percentage of households with electricity service, the perception of the quality of the service, the appropriate use of electricity and its main use. The results show that a high percentage of the indigenous population does not have access to the electricity service, but recognize and identify that this service would promote its economic development. However, its perception of service quality is not good and the majority of the population has concern about the use of electricity, savings measures and payment mechanisms.

Through this research, a new perception of the sustainable energy necessary to achieve the best application of the use of electricity in the region oriented towards the promotion of sustainable development was determined. These results show that there is a need to guarantee the energy supply to the not interconnected or isolated areas, which represents a great challenge for the Government to provide resources to its population and tend to comply with the proclaimed in laws and politicscurrent energy.  

La Guajira is an apartment with a large rural extension and a distributed population on an area of 20.848 km2. This is the northernmost department of Colombia, divided into three zones: low, medium and high Guajira. The average and high Guajira is inhabited by the Wayuu ethnic group (DANE 2017), who constitute 95.27% of the total natives in the region (DANE 2018). These large extensions of the territory demand a high level of displacement of people, in order to manage the solution to their basic needs, where their geographical location and lack of good road infrastructure do not facilitate it mainly towards the north of the region. The average and high Guajira has difficulty areas due to the ones away from the highly inhabited areas in the country, which has facilitated that basic services are not provided in this population. At present, approximately 1500 million people, mostly in developing countries, does not have access to electricity in their homes and, consequently, do not have electric lighting, or any other service that depends on availabilityof this good. In this context, the Wayuu population, mainly children has major problems of malnutrition and food safety, water and basic sanitation . In general they have few resources for their subsistence (agriculture and grazing), so they have to be in continuous displacement from one place to another to improve their living conditions. The lack of basic services, including non -access to electricity, does not make it easier for them. Highlighting the importance of access to electrical energy, focused on poverty reduction and the achievement of millennium development objectives, much of this problem could reduce whether indigenous people had electricity. Water supply could be improved by using water pumps, the economy of communities would benefit from the conservation of their food, as well as the possibility of adding value to their artisanal and agricultural products. Hospitals could increase care coverage, education would improve in coverage and quality, among others. 

Technical solution to the proposal

Costs that are carried out for the implementation of the proposal

Colombia has presented growth against renewable energy use, such as photovoltaic solar energy, where a large percentage corresponds to solar energy systems compared to unconventional energies. Solar energy is an infinite and unlimited resource which comes from photons from sunlight which generates a positive impact on the environment and especially to the decrease in costs with respect to conventional energy rates that generate long -outterm. The materials and components that are made in the photovoltaic facilities of the solar panels, have a useful life of approximately 10 to 25 years which do not require constant maintenance such as conventional energy sources and a solar energy installation also includes other equipmentphotovoltaic as electrical protections.

The life cycle of a photovoltaic energy installation (solar energy) is limited to the manufacture, installation and operation of the installation itself. In Colombia, the cost of a photovoltaic installation depends on different factors, being the main amount of energy that is expected to be generated to the community. However, according to portfolio, the metal sheets conducting energy or solar panels are valued in the market between $ 250 to 350 in 2020, without taking into account the additional value of equipment and systems. The cost of solar panels represents 35% of the total system cost. 

According to the SINIC (National Cultural Information System) in La Guajira live around 500.000 people who belong to diverse indigenous, Arab and Creole cultures. Where the guajiros correspond to 38% of the population in the department of La Guajira, this is equivalent to 185.Approximately 000 people. With this population reference in which these solar panels are planned to install in order to benefit the communities that house this area we must identify the prices of all the factors for the installation, transport, labor and other factors process for theiruse.

1. Solar panels: According to the study of a market study, a 600W energy panel is at a price between approximately 250 to 350 USD per panel and adding to this a medium home needs approximately 3KW in solar panelsinstalled for optimal operation. This means that 5 600W panels are needed for a home.
2.  Workforce: 

• 1.200.000 installation (labor) 317.59 USD
• 300.000 between transport and among other needed elements (80 USD)

Evaluation of environmental and economic impact

Solar energy generates economic benefits to Guajira mainly in addition to benefits also to the industry, which can generate long -term economic benefits and bring electricity to more remote areas where deficiencies are presented in the energy service. On the other hand, entities that use this alternative will receive tax benefits incentives from the State for the use of solar energy, established in Law 1715 of 2014. And in front of La Guajira thanks to the access of energy that is intended. 

Colombia is positioned geographically close to the terrestrial equator which benefits the collection of solar energy, which helps a better performance. Now focusing on La Guajira, this region has high temperatures which does not cause overload problems, but on the contrary the electric power system allows better service performance. As already established that a solar panel system improves energy service in this sector, this means that it helps reduce the country’s carbon footprint and together with this to reduce CO2 emissions with which Colombia is compromised through theParis Agreement to reduce its emissions by 20% by 2030, according to the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development. 

The evaluation made to its impacts on the construction phases represents significant effects in terms of gas emissions, liquid spills, resource consumption, waste generation and permanent involvement of the biotic environment. However, for greater effectiveness and benefit of these, the most important thing is its installation and where it will be carried out, therefore, the lower the presence of vegetation in the nearby evaluation areas, the better it will be use and lower impacts will have in front of an ecosystem.

However, in the face of water consumption that occurs in the process manufacturing and installation of photovoltaic panels, which are not manufactured in the region and must be transported. This activity will not have a significant impact on the area of direct influence of the project where water consumption will be in the construction phase, which is temporary, and the maintenance phase of the installation, in which maintenance of the panels must be carried out.

Conclusions

• Wind energy is one of the most important sources of renewable energy worldwide and one of the fastest growing renewable energies in installed capacity during the last decade.
•  The objective of this research work was to design a methodology for the identification and evaluation of areas with wind potential in Colombia in which they take into account technical, economic and environmental criteria and, from this methodology, the feasibility of the areas is establishedTo develop wind generation projects in the department of La Guajira.
•  They showed that towards the northern and northeastern part of the department, most high feasibility areas for the implementation of wind generation projects are located. In turn, the average feasibility areas are distributed throughout the department and occupy the highest percentage of the available areas. Low feasibility areas are located south of the department. With this, we can affirm that there is enough space for the development of wind energy in the department of La Guajira.

References

1. Celsia. (September 11, 2018). Celsia. Obtained from the company of the Argos Group. Recovered from: https: // blog.Celsia.com/new/cost-panel-solar
2. Public Companies of Medellín (EPM). (2010). Jepírachi: An experience with the Wayuu indigenous community of the high Colombian Guajira. Recovered from: https: // www.EPM.com.CO/Site/DOCUMENTS/MEDIA DECOMMUNICATION/IMPRESPRESSED PUBLICATIONS/JEPIRACHI/BOOK JOJEPIRACHIEESPANOL.PDF
3. Ministry of Mines and Energy of Colombia. (2015). Reference Expansion Plan: Generation-Transmission. 2015-2029. Recovered from: http: // www.Upme.GOV.CO/DOCS/PLAN_EXPANSION/2013/PLAN_EXPANSION_REFERENCE_2013.PDF
4. Pasqualino, j., Cabrera, c., & Chamorro, M. V. (2015). ARTICLE 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE FCE. 68–75.