Aging And Changes In Body Composition

Aging and changes in body composition

Introduction

Aging includes important changes in body composition and that can negatively affect the functional state of the elderly, a very important point is the progress of the mass and muscle strength that could directly affect the skeletal muscle system and for whichIt is essential to maintain them for the locomotion of the elderly.

Developing

The muscle mass peak is reached in youth, around 25, and remains relatively stable up to 50 years and has a loss of 10%. However, from this age there is a progressive loss of muscle that becomes especially intense from the sixth decade of life, and it is lost in total 40% of the muscle mass when the 80 years are reached. The loss of muscle is mainly due to the decrease in the number of muscle fibers, especially those of type II or rapid contraction and, to a lesser extent, to the atrophy of the same.1

Sarcopenia

It is considered a condition in which there is a progressive loss of muscle mass.

Its etiology is multifactorial and plays a very stressed role in increasing mortality and morbidity rates, which also contributes to the appearance of fragility syndrome that is very observable within the geriatric population.

Classification

• Primary: When there is no other obvious cause, except aging.
• Secondary: adjacent pictures cause of the process and in relation to:

1. Little physical activity and as a consequence of bed rest, sedentary lifestyle and intimidity situations.

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2. Diseases that cause advanced organic failure, including: heart, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, brain failure. Inflammatory, neoplastic and endocrine processes, chronic evolution.
3. Nutrition due to poor calorie and/or protein intake, as occurs in diseases that cause anorexia and intestinal juggling.two

Changes suffered by the skeletal muscle system

• Significant decrease in type 2 fibers
• Decrease in motor units
• Decreased blood flow
• Accumulation of molecules with oxidative stress damage
• Failure in the synthesis of new relevant proteins for myofibrils formation

Importance of maintaining muscle mass and what would cause loss

Sarcopenia is a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the old man and is associated with extremely high costs in health systems due to the reduction of general physical function.

Falls are the main cause of injuries, morbidity and mortality in the elderly, commonly related to weakness of the muscles of the foot of the foot, knee and hip.

The loss of strength in the quadriceps means that many older people will have a lower level of force than necessary to get out of bed or use their arms as help. The ability to go up or down stairs, get up from a chair or use the bathtub could be seriously affected if force levels are not high enough.3

Treatment

Exercise is one of the important points for the maintenance of muscle mass and it is recommended that the program be individualized (frequency, intensity and duration) and type (resistance vs. aerobic) according to the needs of the elderly.

Increased protein intake in the diet (up to 16 gr of KG-1x protein day-1) can improve the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise. It has also been shown that in the elderly the use of protein supplements was associated with greater strength and profits of muscle mass.4

Conclusions

As investigated, sarcopenia includes largely the mortality of older adults, so it is importantAging with these conditions carrying out the exercise and compliance with the energy and protein requirements that older adults need.