Animals In Extinction And Guilt Of Man

Animals in extinction and guilt of man

Summary

The human being, through different activities that he performs, contaminates, destroys and alters nature. In many countries, people who carry out these types of activities are sanctioned in order to take care of nature, there are even entities that actively dedicate themselves to preserving life.

For several centuries, a massive extinction has begun to be unleashed, scientists call it the sixth mass extinction of species in history. This is caused by human causes, because of this, it could be controlled. But there are people who are dedicated to illegally hunting exotic animals, cutting forests, etc., For commercial purposes. This has ended with hundreds of species in recent centuries, and apparently this extinction still continues.

Theoretical framework

Species, biological classification of organisms or populations, is a binomial way of classifying different animals by the form they have and function they play. Scientists use this classification due to the genetic relationship that animals share and with it give them scientific names with which they are used to differentiate them. They are traditionally known by a general name that represents a species and that is usually easier to remember.

Animals are multicellular organisms that differ from other living beings by having movement capacity and because they do not have chloroplast (with some exceptions), and developed by embryos. They belong to one of the five kingdoms of the Eukaryota domain, to which humans belong.

A massive extinction of species is being caused, something that is almost impossible to recover, this is affecting diversity on the planet. Thousands of animals face the danger of disappearing someday, not counting those who have disappeared in previous years. There are factors that influence this, but there is one that is corregible, and perhaps the most important of all of them, human activity. Despite the risk of this in natural habitats, there is not enough responsibility for what is being causing.

Project development

The great variability of animals in different parts of the planet is very extensive, but there are several factors that alter development and threaten to extinguish many species. These factors can be climatic changes, loss of habitats, toxins, diseases and reduction in population dynamics and human being. According to Science, from 1500 until a few years ago approximately 320 types of extinct animals have been reported, and those that have not been reduced by more than 45% of their population.

This extinction has not been the most quantitative that has occurred in history, nor the only one, there have been five previous mass extinctions which are:

1. Ordovicico-Silurico ………………………. (439m years ago – 85% extinction)
2. Devonic-Carboniferous ………………… (367m years-82% extinction)
3. Permian-Triassic ……………………… (250m years-96% extinction)
4. Triassic-Jurassic ………………………. (210m years – 76% extinction)
5. Cretaceous-Paleogen ……………………………….. (65m years – 75% extinction)

Among them the highest registered extinction was the mass extinction of Permian-Triassic occurred 250 million years ago in which 95% of marine species and 70% of land animals disappeared. With this the Earth was like a desert páramo. Although a long time later he was repopulating.

Although the current one is not the greatest extinction, it should be given much importance because if it is one of the six massive extinctions in history, and above all, that they are not due to natural reasons, but to humans, it is true , that many people are taking measures to prevent it, but not everyone thinks in the same way.It is expected that within a few, or many years, approximately 10 more species will disappear from Earth.

In the last decade several species have already disappeared in America such as the blue macaw, giant turtle of Pinta, Gold Berbería el Zampullín.

The spix macaw or cyanopsychositta spixii, was a species from Bolivia, Brazil and northern Paraguay is a bird belonging to the parrots. It is believed that the last copy in the wild was Presley, a macaw of which it was estimated that he was 40 years old. He is currently considered extinct since no other individual has been seen after several years.

The giant turtle of Pinta or Chelonoidis Abingdoni was a turtle that lived on Pinta Island (Galapagos, Ecuador). His last copy was the ‘Solitary George’ who died on June 24, 2012 at approximately 112 years of age.

In this year, the first extinct species was the Hawaiian or Achatella Apexfulva snail, its last copy called George, in honor of the last turtle of Pinta, which also ended its species, died on January 1, 2019 At 14 years of life. Fortunately scientists they extracted two millimeters from his foot in order to be able to clone him in the future.

However, the extinction of species has not ended and, to avoid losing more, the International Union for Species Conservation (IUCN), has classified vulnerable species through a red list, where they are divided into 7 groups such as :

• LC => Minor concern
• NT => almost threatened
• VU => vulnerable
• En => at risk of extinction
• Cr => at critical risk of extinction
• EW => extinct in the wild
• Ex => extinct

One of the species with the most time in the list is the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), included in the list since 1982. They are presented in that list due to illegal hunting and pollution, which end hundreds of polar bears per year. Although the potential danger they face is global warming. It is estimated that, within 45 years, 30% of its population will decline.

Another species affected by global warming is the penguin (Spheniscae). They are also considered vulnerable due to the migration they perform, in which, many of them die on the way. They are also included in the red list.

However, they are not the only ones who face extinction, and neither is global warming not the only factor that causes such extinction. One of the human activities that contribute to the extinction of species is deforestation, they end with natural habitats in which many species live. One of the main animals affected by deforestation is monkey.

The spider monkey of the coast (Ateles Fusciceps) presents a critical danger of extinction because of this. And many more species of monkeys share the same risk due to deforestation, there is even another human cause that contributes to the extinction of these species, just as it has already contributed to the extinction of hundreds of animals, and it is illegal hunting. This factor is ending several species of monkeys, because the illegal sale of exotic animals is usually very lucrative.

Until 2018, 72% of forests were carved from the coast in order to transform them into something lucrative, such as their use for agriculture. But not all humans are responsible for extinction, since there are institutions that are dedicated to protecting them. The Ministry of Environment (MAE), takes an important role in informing about species that are in danger of extinction, so that the disappearance of them can be avoided. It also has national strategies, in order to save those vulnerable species.

Species considered vulnerable in Ecuador:

• The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) faces climate change, which is its main factor of extinction.
• The Saltona frog with bright thighs (Allobates femoralis) is threatened by deforestation and degradation of its habitat.
• The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus Inunguis) is threatened by hunting, pollution and explosive fishing.
• Marina de Galapagos iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) faces pollution.
• The brown head spider monkey (Ateles Fusciceps) is for the hunting and destruction of forests

Although there are more animals with danger of extinction, most of these are threatened by human activity. Only the human being is who can prevent extinction from spreading. Activities that contribute to extinguishing animals can be carried out while there are others that protect them:

Activities in favor of extinction:

• Hunt
• Deforestation
• Restriction of protected areas and natural reserves
• Pollution
• Activities against extinction
• Foster reproduction in captivity
• Recycle
• Respect the rules given to take a walk through natural reserves and protected areas
• Do not buy products based on exotic animals
• Plant native trees
• Make donations to institutions that are dedicated to the care of in danger

In conclusion, the human being is able to prevent the extinction of species from continuing to extend. If it acts with due responsibility when dealing in protected areas, the largest sixth extinction in history could come to an end. Keeping natural resources and caring for the planet is not only beneficial for animals and plants, since, if the planet comes to an end for global warming, those species will not be the only ones that will be extinguished.

Bibliography

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