chapter 13

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Chapter 13
To manage difficult behavior effectively, it is critical to remember that all behavior serves a purpose.
According to research, what are the four primary purposes of challenging behavior? To acquire desired item or event; to avoid a situation; to flee from an undesired event, object, or demand; to see functions.
What is the formal process for evaluating the factors influencing behavior to understand why a challenging behavior is occurring? Functional Behavioral Analysis.
What are the six suggestions for being prepared for problem behavior? Ruling out ailment or pain; establishing constancy and expectedness; creating a calm atmosphere; praising appropriate behaviors; utilizing “Do” statements; keeping perspective.
What is the overarching goal for positive behavior support (PBS)? To improve children’s quality of life.
When an aversive condition is identified, minimizing the frequency, intensity, and the duration of the condition can help reduce the child’s reactive behaviors.
What are the seven suggestions for preventing challenging behavior? Minimizing aversive events; sharing control; providing an environment that promotes successful engagement; increasing communication effectiveness; clarifying expectations; supporting regulation; matching demands to abilities (Watling 377-378).
According to Horner et al. (2002), what are the three reasons to use simple language to increase communication effectiveness? To process information; to supplement verbal information; to increase visual details (Watling 385).

In 100 words or less, give an example of a contingency method to increase positive behaviors: withholding the kids preferred activity or item until he/she accomplishes the necessary task. For instance, a kid who loves to toy with bubbles would only be permitted to do so after he/she performs a directed assignment such as paperwork.
In 100 words or less, give an example of a token economy to increase positive behaviors: In this method, a child earns tokens for displaying the desired behavior. The tokens earned could be exchanged for privileges including playing video games. The process also involves withholding certain rights from the kid until he/she has gathered enough tokens to buy them.
In 100 words or less, give an example of positive reinforcement strategy to increase positive behaviors: An example of this technique is a parent who gives in and issues his/her kid a cookie to halt the crying that began after the parent first denied the kid’s request for the cookie.
In 100 words or less, give an example of alternating preferred and non-preferred strategies to increase positive behaviors: An example of this method is making the non-preferred action to flawlessly follow the preferred activity in a manner that does not highlight the kid’s dislike for the event.
In 100 words or less, give an example of a transition routine to increase positive behaviors during routines: The method applies a similar set of an event for a transition, for instance singing specific songs and clapping hands to indicate changeovers.
In 100 words or less, give an example of a visual schedule to increase positive behaviors during routines: An example of this technique is the use of visual representations including word cards and picture icons to signify transitions in the school schedule.
In 100 words or less, give an example of a timer to increase positive behaviors during routines: The method includes utilization of timers to instruct a kid that something is about to happen. The child is, thus, able to respond appropriately.
In 100 words or less, give an example of a representation object to increase positive behaviors during routines: In this method, a particular object is used to represent activities in a kids schedule. When the child sees the representational item, he/she responds.
What are the four foundations of positive behavioral supports (PBS)? The bases are behavioral science; practical interventions; outcomes; system perspective (Watling 384).
What is a systematic process that analyzes problem behavior to define the behavior operationally, identifies the events that reliably predict the occurrence and nonoccurrence of those behaviors, and those factors that maintain the behaviors across time? FBA (Watling 384)
What are the three levels of strategies for positive behavioral supports (PBS)? challenging behaviors from happening; instructing groups about school success tactics or skill development, creating a support network within a school, or implementing corrective teaching; implementation of a student-by-student method for behaviors that defy the other interventions.
What are the five procedural steps of a functional behavior analysis (FBA)? Goal setting and team building; functional assessment of the act; developing hypothesis; developing complete support plan; effecting and monitoring plan’s outcome (Watling 385).
Work Cited
Watling, Renee. “14 Interventions and Strategies for Challenging Behaviors.” Occupational Therapy for Children-E-Book (2013): 434.-