Evolution Of Societies Over Time

Evolution of societies over time

Throughout the study of society, after knowing about hordes, clans and tribes, which have differentiated, in the case of hordes and clans both maintain their relationship, regarding their formation for kinship ties, but that In turn, what marked the distance from the other, is that the hordes were always rudimentary and nomads, in contrast to what would be the clans who had changed their style, because now they were sedentary.

But in turn, a new society arose, the so -called tribes, in which the distance was more marked, because this society was characterized by governing in customs and traditions, where its members owed respect to its leader, who honored that position, For his age, and he was the one who had the strict mission, through a socialization process, to impart the values ​​of said society so that it is not lost in any coming generation. Each society evolved little, that now in modern time it is known as a state. But not only these societies, already mentioned, existed throughout history. They can rescue two types of societies, bands and gens.

These societies bring to light again the concept of tribe, as one characterized by demonstrating a primary level of social integration that described the big difference with tribes, headquarters and states. Its main objective, it was marked by survival, because they were always seen in history, for their great subsistence efforts, which carried it through collection and hunting, this is how the band society arises.

On the other hand, there was talk of the appearance of the State, this society would have been called as a common social regime, so the State concept was discussed. Where taking into account the words of historian Engels, he described this common social regime, which had been implemented as a gentilicia society, which were implanted in ancient Rome, in Athens and the German people. Society where the woman occupied an important role and her way of interacting her through fratrias, because this begins the society gens. 

Bands

In contrast to tribes, headquarters and states. There is talk of a society, which keeps a certain relationship with the Paleolithic, stage of history. Characterized by moving from one place to a small scale on a base, which is established as a hunter-gatherer, whose main task is to subsist. This is how the bands are defined.

Prior to the invention of agriculture, it was considered as the basic social unity of the history of humanity, which was more important than the family. But in turn, this hunting-gatherer society was recognized not only for what has already been mentioned, but also by various characteristics, which made it different from the other societies.

They were recognized for their small size, since their number of members ranged from 30 to 50 people, as these members, became sedentary for three times a year or perhaps even more, but what this activity created, in which they should migrate, created In these members, the possession of the communal land.  Its form of integration was strange, since it had to be governed through kinship and marriage ties, to which it is called as a patrilocal structure, that is, it has as typical marriage form what is known as marriage of crossed cousins, whose End is to extend the network of relatives in an exhaustive way.

The patrilineal band was governed by two rules or customs: the exogamy of the band, whose objective is to avoid its opponents, who executed it through the expansion of kinship networks. And as a second rule, the Patrilocal Residence is established, whose purpose was to create in men during the hunting and collection activity, a joint work, and reinforce cohesion. (Franch, 1999)

But the main contribution of this type of life: it was mobility, because it described clearly, the reason why these bands were considered nomads, since within their activities, its members changed belonging to a band, for several times to what long. There is talk of progress, despite the fact that this essential characteristic, by which the bands were recognized, that is, the fodder, is in disappearance, however, there are still practices that continue to be evident in modern society.

Gens

But not only the bands were part of the evolution of society, the aforementioned gens, they were also part of this process, where known as gentilicias societies, their clear examples were in ancient Rome, Athens and the German people.

They were defined, as a group of people who know a common ancestry, although there was a great possibility that this ascending was remote. Because they exercised as primitive forms of state. They kept certain important characteristics, such as: They were composed of a large number of members.  In contrast, to the other societies, the gens were characterized by demonstrating that the most basic organization in it was the family, which was made up of people, who had aspirations to descend from the same living person, which was the head of the same.

Basically, they developed as an association that was usually carried out by political and economic convenience. In turn, each gene had great reception to other people, who did not necessarily have a degree of consanguinity, were only set in the aforementioned interests. On the other hand, this company was governed by a boss, who on certain occasions had to act as a judge, and in other instances as a military chief. As for religion, they had their own cult, because they were free to carry out their rites and their tabernacles, as long as their members keep due respect. 

In this society, marked by social strata, the so -called "clients" arise, characterized by being obedient people, and those who had to be made available to the boss, to whom he had to give respect and above all to grant obedience as vassals. These clients were people who had surrendered in the war, which their goal did not seek to be slaves, where the boss, assumed all the responsibilities that would happen to the "client".

The gens, whose origin dates back to Rome, had initiated a transition process in the evolution of societies, this time there was no longer talk of nomadic, rudimentary, sedentary aspects, since this time said society was part of the Roman population and even duties and rights had been promulgated by which they were governed.  It began through the hereditary law reciprocal of the Gentiles, which stipulated that the goods were always within the gens, since the paternal law prevailed, while the descendants by female roots that aspire to the inheritance were totally separated. 

The possession of a place of common grave, that is, access, despite the migration of the members of the gens, they had the privilege, in the case of death, these members, by obligation their bodies had to return to Rome, because they counted With your own space.  Common religious solemnities, which are named "Sacra Gentilitia". 

The obligation not to marry the gens, despite the large number of marital couples that existed in Rome, not a single name could have the kind name for men and women. This is also based on hereditary law, which leaves without effect the agnatic rights of women by marrying. 

Society has evolved over time, tracing from the primitive age where hordes and bands predominated, imposing its rudimentary and nomadic system, where its only objective was subsistence, and its economy was based on hunters-gatherers. In contrast are the gens, which, by going back to primitive times, was strongly compared to the clans, but in time in his speech in Rome, this dogma, I remain in theory but not in facts. This is how it can be established that no kind of society has a unique origin and even an exclusive form of structure. The gens, the representation of the drastic change that suffered the evolution of society, from nomads to possess rights and duties can be attributed.

A primitive society where kinship ties and marriage prevailed, where little by little, this essential characteristic of its evolution began to take an unexpected turn, since it was no longer necessary, this time only political and economic interests prevailed. It is necessary, to understand that they have been several aspects throughout history, that this evolution has changed, that all part of a common origin, a rustic origin, an origin of survival, which became little by little an organization, This time much more complex.

The gens were responsible for marking that bias, with their predecessor societies, since it was one that defined social strata, delegated responsibilities, but above all it began the election of dignities, listening to each of its members, giving the freedom of express and issue your opinion regarding the decisions that were being made, because this time there was already voice and vote in every action that was executed.

It can be defined to the progress of these permanent meetings, where it has been evidence of the State.

Bibliography

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