Ideological Models Of Prostitution

Ideological models of prostitution

Introduction

Prostitution is a reality that has been present in our society over the years. Its existence has been the subject of judgment by generally considering an unpleasant and repulsive practice. This has led to sex work to become a marginalized activity. When arbitrating prostitution, moral values related to collective thinking come into play. Depending on the country in which society will be considered in one way or another. For example, in countries in which a traditional Christian moral prostitution will be seen will be seen in a negative way while in other areas where people maintain other types of moral rules will have another vision about this fact.

To specify more prostitution is not seen in the same way in the East than in the West. This factor is important because the legal framework that concerns these practices depends to a large extent. Countries wish to maintain a certain image with respect to the rest will take some measures or others taking into account that, a close relationship with prostitution can lead to a negative vision of the nation due to the stigma that this activity loads. All this refers to collective thinking, as we have already mentioned, through which prostitution is perceived as a poor moral activity. But beyond this, how is it addressed from a legal perspective? We can distinguish three different systems whose objective is to adjust sex work to the legal framework that governs the functioning of a given community: regulatist, abolitionist and prohibitionist.

They will proceed to analyze them in this order.

Developing

When they realize the impossibility of eradicating prostitution, the governments of the different countries establish a series of norms that will govern the activity. Far from being considered a job as such that, therefore, it should be endorsed by the same legal regulations that cover any other work, prostitution is still seen as a marginal activity. The established rules aim to ensure public and social health fundamentally.

This regulation does not work at the national level, but the autonomous communities or municipalities are responsible for implementing them using, for their application, the State Security Forces authority. Some rules that we can take as examples are the use of protection mechanisms against sexually transmitted infections or establish a certain area in which prostitution can be exercised. This model, therefore, does not constitute a consistent legal framework that covers sexual services although it tries to prevent the negative consequences that they may suppose.

Abolitionist system 

This model is based on the idea that prostitute is treated as an object of exploitation completely ignoring their needs and their rights as a person who is. In this way, the system that supports prostitution and consumers of this instead of the prostituted person is penalized. Thus, the sanctions are aimed at the pimps and those who resort to sexual services. Campaigns are also carried out whose objective is the reintegration of prostitutes in society. Compared to the previous system, which assumed the impossibility of eradicating prostitution, this maintains the goal of ending it considering as a victim the prostitute considering prostitution as a case of gender violence.

Prohibitionist system

In its beginnings this system had misogynist and macho dyes to consider as guilty of a crime to prostitute for attributing to this the negative consequences, for society, of prostitution. Its evolution has led to criminalize the entire mechanism behind prostitution and not only prostitute. In this way the client is totally exempt from guilt. This system, by conceiving prostitute as guilty of a crime against public morals, considers prostitution as an activity that is carried out in a totally voluntary way.

The practice of prostitution is perceived as a crime that threatens ethics by qualifying it as dishonorable, immoral or improper. The company is then placed, and therefore the client, at the culprit place. Depending on the ideology maintained by each country, one system or other applies. This election will be determined, to a large extent, by the historical importance of the country and the way in which the people who live in it consider prostitution.

In the following comparative table it is possible to observe the differences between the three models according to who is considered as a victim, as guilty and what are the methods used to achieve their goal in each of the models.

Guilty victim system methods 

Regulatist society exposed to risks that undermine public health. There is no one as such although prostitution is considered impossible to eradicate. They establish a series of norms that must be met to protect society from prostitution risks. Abolitionist The prostitute is considered a victim of the system behind prostitution and he penalizes pimps and consumers of sexist violence.

• Consumer of services.
• Prostitution. 
• The prostitute will be reinserted in society.
• Prohibitionist society including consumer.
• In the beginning the prostitute, although later the entire system of prostitution (including this).
• Penalties and prostitutes are penalized. 
• The consumer remains immune.

Main Destinations of Trafficking

Once the above aspects are analyzed, the most frequent destinations in the traffic of people for the purpose of sexual exploitation will be specified. After passing through different phases the victim of trafficking is sent to a country either to exploit it sexually or labor. The main destinations of trafficking are the following (randomly placed):

• Spain
• Dominican Republic
• China
• Japan
• Chili
• Ecuador
• Mexico
• Panama
• Paraguay
• Arab Emirates

Spain occupies one of the top positions in terms of human trafficking destinations. We also observe that Latin America countries stand out as well as some oriental nations. It is worth noting the contrast of the different destinations and the fact that, despite the cultural and sociological differences that appear between each of them, they maintain in common the consumption of this type of current slavery.

Trafficking data in Europe

Trafficking in people is a fact that seeks to hide or marginalize society. Even so, it remains present today assuming a risk for those who are in a situation of vulnerability to the techniques of capturing mafias. In the western world you can give different situations in relation to this problem.

There are no exact data on the magnitude of this fact although it is possible to affirm that Spain is a country with a greater volume of destination. There are also cases of trafficking that start from this country and, in addition, it is a transit country. If we extrapolate this to the figures, the Ministry of Interior of Spain, in 2017, identified 155 victims of trafficking in Spain. Even so, this figure is not representative because many of the victims are not. As an example we can highlight the data of the Government Delegation for Gender Violence (DGVG), which collect indications of trafficking in 5.104 women that same year, of which only 453 had been formally identified.

conclusion

With the aim of combating this problem, Spain is registered in some international instruments to fight trafficking. The Palermo Protocol and the Convention of the Council of Europe (hereinafter, Warsaw Agreement), or the Directive against Human Beings are three of them. Paradoxically, until about two years ago the victims of treatments were on the margin, in practice, of access to the international protection procedure in Spain.

As an introduction we can point out the following figures, which occur in Europe: the exploitation number of people is 1,500,000 with a prevalence of 1.5. There is a high difference in the diversity of nationalities in Western Europe and Central Europe compared to other regions (worldwide). 84 percent of these victims are treated for sexual exploitation purposes. Even so, the percentage of cases and the type of exploitation are established by the intervention guidelines of the repression authorities. We can point out that in 2006, for example, in the western hemisphere there were only 150 sentences for the crime of trafficking in persons, that is, approximately the same amount registered only in Germany. In this way it is not possible to affirm exactly if the data is real or depend on greater exhaustivity in surveillance.

Regarding the origin of the victims in recent years, the majority came from the Balkans, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia and Moldova. Progressively new nuclei of capture and export of victims in Europe appears. Being the relatively short distances, most of these are transported by road (by car or bus).