Nervous Conditions: Simple Phenomena

Nervous conditions: Simple phenomena

Introduction

Both understand that there are simple and complex phenomena of human consciousness to know the behavior and moral responsibility and coincide in the method of natural sciences, Wundt using experimentation (introspection) and Janet from the method oriented to the medical clinic with some character experimental.

The two speak of physiology and psychological from different proposals, being for Wundt a combined science where the observation of external phenomena would be insufficient without the observation of internal phenomena. Both give relevance to the experimental method as a method of scientific work, where a hypothesis can be tested in a situation controlled by the researcher.

 Janet guides him as the laws of consciousness could not be extracted from physical facts and Wundt as a rigorous, reliable and objective method to address objects of study phenomena of consciousness through experimental self-observation. As a difference, Janet, works and studies from the clinical point of view people with psychopathological diseases establishes a relationship between unconscious thoughts and Wundt pathologies, focuses his work on people without pathologies, normal.

Developing

Both texts show the stage where scientific psychology was distanced from the philosophical, consolidating itself as a differentiated discipline, relying on the scientific method developed in laboratories through the experimentation method.

Janet, through the philosophy thesis ‘Psychological automatism’ from which the text is extracted, shows an ‘experimental psychology essay on the lower forms of the human soul’.

She shows that complex and high forms start from the elementals and basic, which refer to automatic and conservative activity, is opposed to the creative activity of "the will, resolution and free will". Investigating the lower forms and helping the method of natural sciences, observation and experimentation would detect incoherent and compulsive movements, unconscious acts ignored by the person who performs them, impulsive desires contrary to the will and that the subject cannot resist. 

Wundt proposes at the lowest level of the psychic structure to the sensations simple elements derived from the sensory stimulation that produces the external and objective the physiological and revealed by personal observation. Your system is voluntary, consciousness and mental processes are intentionally activated and differentiates the physical of the psychic, although they work in parallel.

For Wundt, the psychic process is causal, determined by psychic causes, does not take into account the spontaneity of causality "internal experience is influenced by external agents" and vice versa, forming a relational link of "biological phenomena". Wundt replaces the will, considers it non -scientific, with a deterministic system, to study scientifically behavior.

 Through the experience based on experience and sensations. Consider that every mental process, even, sensations occur in the level of consciousness, so you can work on it. They would only visibly consider unconscious, physiological processes. Wundt mentions psychophysical parallelism, psychology and physiology acted at the same time, although with separate perspectives, the first deals with the interior observation of the person, the second, of the exterior.

Janet also considers automatism as non -mechanical, indicating that external movements imply intelligence, consciousness and sensitivity would be "psychological automatism". The activity, although automatic, is regular and determined, is not mechanical. Every exterior movement implies a degree of consciousness, intelligence and sensitivity. Through the theory of free and unified will, observation and experimentation, they could become understandable through the lower forms of the activity the "abnormal forms" "incoherent, convulsive movements" not detected by the subject who performs them.

As for physiology, he does not explain that he wants to show consciousness with this, but he establishes coincidences between the movement and the moral activation of doing it. Through the dissociation between accessible and inaccessible awareness, it makes the interpretation of physiological and psychological unconscious, a key element in psychological automatism, this leads to formulating theories about neurosis and hysteria. Wundt used the denomination of physiological psychology by disciplinary on the border between the internal and external dimension and connect them.

Both are deterministic, establish that human behavior is causal and can be measured directly, is preferred by circumstances or conditions or conditions. The acts of our will are pre -established as determinants of behavior, give value to subjective factors type sensations, perceptions or emotions, the difference lies in the mental processes of which are aware of the first text and those that do not.

Wundt begins its psychological scientific activity, experimentally studying human consciousness, through experimental introspection, in a laboratory context with psychophysical methods. I analyze the lower processes as immediate experience that comes through perception and sensation, focuses on the investigation of experiences, which are the sensations, perceptions and feelings, all of them configure mental representations, higher processes such as thought and language, Leave for another stage, since because of their complexity it is not possible to work from the experiment.

He penetrates internal observation from the outside, manipulating, variables according to experimental design looking for cause-effect and connection results and determining laws. The results and interventions programmed in the physiological and behavioral changes observed and the description provided by the subject with autob observation or introspection, are qualitatively registered. Concludes that the physical conditions of internal phenomena are those that can be modified and measured. Unlike Janet that uses hypnosis to alternate consciousness and be able to work on them.

Janet for study proposes the method of nature sciences, part of a clinical vision and as experimental conditions use hypnotism by modifying the state of scheduled consciousness. She focuses the object of study on the simplest forms of automatic human activity, which will allow the superiors to study. 

It does not use autob observation or has a preconceived opinion of the problem to study, use the observation of the other or direct. Formula hypothesis of facts verified that she verifies by experimentation. Study sensitivity, intelligence and consciousness and activity through automatism, these are confused and can be studied simultaneously.

conclusion

The abnormal forms in movements, seizures made by people unconsciously are studied from the examination of the lower and elementary forms instead of the superiors, since according to the theory of free and unified will they would not be detected. From the organicist point of view she directly relates the appearance of symptomatology to the manifestation of an emotion. 

It states that not everything is aware, there are more important more complex phenomena of an unconscious nature. It makes a clear differentiation between psychology and physiology, unmarking from Wundt. Her studies have a genetic perspective, since most are performed in women with nerve diseases (hysteria), which includes neurosis.