Questons and Answers

Student’s Name
Instructor
Date
World Geography: Questions and Answers
South America and the Concept of Latin America
The term ‘Latin America’ geographically describes a combination of different nations in some parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America (Trujillo, et al.). Linguistically and culturally, the term refers to states where Portuguese and Spanish are predominant language (Trujillo et al.). South America is not entirely Latin America since some countries including Brazil and Haiti was never dominated by Portuguese or Spanish but rather the French Guiana and Guyana respectively (Trujillo et al.).
Peru is in Latin America and is one of the most competitive economies in the region ranking sixth out of 32 in GDP size (Oxford Business Group). Peru has three main regions which pact its economic performance including the coast for agro-industry and fishing, the Amazon for forestry, gas and oil depository and the Andes Mountain range providing minerals in the country (Oxford Business Group).
Brazil as the “Country of the Future”
Brazil remains an above average inflation and below average growth economy. World View notes that the country is under-industrialized and has limited infrastructure. Brazil’s physical geography influences its economic performance whereby its topography affects the economies of scale. Particularly, one-third of Brazil comprises the Amazon jungle which is difficult to build adequate infrastructure, making railways and highways considerably few due to high costs (World View).

Escarpments also prevent linking of cities making it costly, both in engineering and time (World View). People are also densely located in urban regions which explain greater economic activity than in rural regions (World View).
Sectoral Transformation Concept in England since WWII
The primary sector comprising of fishing, agriculture, and fishing and the secondary sector involving manufacturing recorded reduced shares over the years with manufacturing seeing a decline from 42.0 percent to 11.6 percent between 1969 and 2009 (Pearson 7). In contrast, the tertiary sector including services and technology has recorded significant growth. There is a significant disparity between the north and South of England in the quality of schools, employment, and life expectancy with the north recording a 3 percent economic growth whereas the south saw a 6.8 percent increase (Financial Times). The Financial Times allege the decline in industrial and manufacturing activities and shift into services which are largely based in the south has resulted in the impoverished north which relied heavily on industries for wealth.
The Core and the Periphery Regions of the European Realm
Kinsella indicates that the term periphery involves not only the geographical location of a state but also its response to shock, present account condition which can be either surplus or deficit, and debt (2). The European periphery nations include Greece, Finland, Malta, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Slovakia, and Cyprus (Kinsella 2-3). The core regions include Germany and France which are characterized by powerful and stable economies compared to that of their periphery counterparts. The state of core or peripheries is not permanent especially since it involves a combination of geography, debts, surplus, and deficit among other factors.
Russia’s Stunted Growth
Wendover Productions indicates that Russia lacks warm water ice-free ports that have direct access to oceans which limits its maritime power (5:05-5:21). Oceans enables easier and more efficient ways to trade with other parts of the world and, therefore, Russia’s indirect access to the ocean hinders it from business relationships with other countries across the globe. The country’s pipeline allows the country to trade natural gas and oil to different European regions which is its strongest economic contributor, owning up to 40 percent oil and gas supply in Europe (Wendover production 8:43-8:50). Russia’s inability to access oceans which is the cheapest means of long-distance trading obscures its economic growth.
Works Cited
Financial Times. “The UK’s Growing Divide between the North and the South.” Financial
Times, 2015. Accessed 11 October 2018 from https://www.ft.com/content/74b8ca48-a024-11e5-8613-08e211ea5317Kinsella, Stephen. “Conventions and the European Periphery.” University of Limerick, n.d.
Accessed 11 October 2018 from https://www.ineteconomics.org/uploads/papers/ConventionsandEuropeanPeriphery.pdfOxford Business Group. “Peru Maintains Stable Economic Growth, Unlike other Countries in
the Region.” Oxford Business Group, 2018. Accessed 11 October 2018 from
https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/going-strong-unlike-other-countries-region-peru-has-been-able-maintain-stable-growthPearson. “Chapter 1: Changes in the Economic Structure.” Pearson, n.d. Accessed 11 October
2018 from https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0273736906.pdfTrujillo, Emma, et al. “An Overview of Latino and Latin American Identity.” The Iris, 2017.
Accessed 11 October 2018 from http://blogs.getty.edu/iris/an-overview-of-latino-and-latin-american-identity/Wendover Productions. “Russia’s Geography Problem.” Podcast, March 28, 2017. Accessed 11
October 2018 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3C_5bsdQWgWorld View. “The Geopolitics of Brazil: An Emergent Power’s Struggle with Geography.”
Stratfor, 2012. Accessed 11 October 2018 from https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/geopolitics-brazil-emergent-powers-struggle-geography