Research Proposal on Migraines

Migraines and Its Effects
[Name of the Author]
[Name of the Institution]

Migraines and Its Effects
Introduction
Migraine has become quite a major concern during the last three decades because of its severity. By definition, it is a chronic neurological disease that is quite commonly characterized by moderate to severe recurring headaches. Apart from that, the migraines are not limited to a certain age group and can occur to anyone. The proposal would look at the development of different effects of migraines on the quality of life. Also, different literature are reviewed for enhancing the perspectives of migraine development and its detrimental impacts on human mental and physical capacities. The study would allow better understanding about the very cases of different people belonging to almost every walk of life and what impact it would have on their daily life routine.
Literature Review
Migraine can be considered as a condition that is quite commonly demarcated by the recurrent attacks of headaches. These attacks are accompanied more nuisance combination of vomiting, sound and light sensitivity, pain and nausea. Lipton et al. (2002) have conducted a study depicting that around 18% of women and 6% of men undergo at least one migraine every year. On a global scale, the impact can be reflected by the very cost of disability exceeding more than $13 million within the United States during the year 1998 (Osterhaus et al., 1994).
Workers who are working in severe conditions are quite prone to migraines.

A total of nine studies would encompass the studies of the impact of migraine on the human at large. The study of Burton et al. (2009) have shown that the migraines quite commonly effect the productivity levels of different workers as part of their absenteeism on corporate level. A similar study is conducted by Lofland et al. (2007) have given a more detailed analysis of lost of productivity hours as part of episodic migraine activity.
Terwindt et al (2000) have conducted another more concise study that addresses all the impacts of migraine on quality of life of human beings. From the study, it has been evident that the migraines are quite commonly responsible for enhanced susceptibility for chronic musculoskeletal pain together with asthma among the population suffering from migraines. Also, it has been found that in contrast to other nonmigraineurs and chronic mental conditions, migraineurs have a much severe tendency of physical, social and mental dysfunctionality among masses; more specifically, with those people having higher tendency of recurring tendencies.
Considering a more directed approach based on different age groups, Palermo (2000) has provided a concise and highly exemplified study based on the impact of migraines on children’s lives. The paper has also explored the very outlook of societal developments with the children and the very negative impacts of it on the lives of children. A similar study conducted by Powers et al. (2003) has covered almost every aspect of a children’s life rather than social perspectives. The study has provided substantial pieces of evidence that the provision of childhood migraine leads the children towards consequences much more severe than any other chronic diseases and/or illnesses.
On a more specific domain of pregnancy, the impacts of migraines are quite severe and have some detrimental effects. Sacco et al. (2012) have looked into this matter using a very detailed outlook of biological and psychological activities among pregnant women. The study has also concluded that the migraines can also lead towards different vascular and cardiac diseases among the females thereby leading to higher mortality rates. Bánhidy et al. (2007) has also conducted a research with the very same domain; however, they have focused it on birth weight of infant, maternal migraine during the period of pregnancy and other delivery outcomes.
Research Questions
The proposal would raise some potential questions as part of the further research perspectives in the domain of migraines. Following are some questions that would be answered:
• By what degree, social and home environment contribute towards the development of migraine in children?
• What is the potential implication of migraine in reducing the quality of life on adults? What percentage of males and females are affected?
• Among the American population, by what percent the American teenagers are affected from the very condition of migraine?
Research Methodology
The research paper would focus mostly on qualitative data analysis techniques. For that, a total of 100 interviews would be conducted from people belonging to diversified industries, working environments, age group, sexual orientation and ethnic grounds. The interviews will be conducted as per the ethical rules and codes of conduct and the information; more specifically, names and other details would only be used for research purposes.
Conclusion
All in all, migraines have the devastating impact on the lives of human and determination of these factors is of the essence. The most important aspect of it includes the development of alternate means for enhancement of defining migraine and its post-episodic impacts on children and adolescent that can be witnessed in their adult age. Apart from that, the study would require the collection of data from different professionals thereby looking at their productivity levels and psychological perspectives.
References
Bánhidy, F., Ács, N., Horváth-Puhó, E., & Czeizel, A. E. (2007). Pregnancy complications and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with severe migraine.European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology,134(2), 157-163.
Burton, W. N., Landy, S. H., Downs, K. E., & Runken, M. C. (2009, May). The impact of migraine and the effect of migraine treatment on workplace productivity in the United States and suggestions for future research. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 84, No. 5, pp. 436-445). Elsevier.
Lipton, R. B., Silberstein, S. D., & Burton, W. N. (1997). Relieving an employer’s economic headache: ten action steps for managing migraine in the workplace. Am J Integrated Healthcare, 1(1), 26-31.
Lofland, J. H., Gagne, J. J., Pizzi, L. T., Rupnow, M., & Silberstein, S. D. (2007). Impact of topiramate migraine prophylaxis on workplace productivity: results from two US randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 49(3), 252-257.
Osterhaus, J. T., Townsend, R. J., Gandek, B., & Ware, J. E. (1994). Measuring the functional status and well‐being of patients with migraine headache. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 34(6), 337-343.
Palermo, T. M. (2000). Impact of recurrent and chronic pain on child and family daily functioning: a critical review of the literature. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 21(1), 58-69.
Powers, S. W., Patton, S. R., Hommel, K. A., & Hershey, A. D. (2003). Quality of life in childhood migraines: clinical impact and comparison to other chronic illnesses. Pediatrics, 112(1), e1-e5.
Sacco, S., Ricci, S., Degan, D., & Carolei, A. (2012). Migraine in women: the role of hormones and their impact on vascular diseases. The journal of headache and pain, 13(3), 177-189.
Terwindt, G. M., Ferrari, M. D., Tijhuis, M., Groenen, S. M. A., Picavet, H. S. J., & Launer, L. J. (2000). The impact of migraine on quality of life in the general population The GEM study. Neurology, 55(5), 624-629.