The Urban Environment And Modeling

THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND MODELING

Before developing the environmental model, it should be noted that anywhere on Earth is part of an ecosystem, ecosystems, the longer, they adapt to the external needs and agents of the area where they develop, that is, a series are generatedof natural resources based on the characteristics and demands of the land itself, meteorology, biology, etc … and therefore maintain their own balance;Sometimes polluting (for example, heavy metal mineral deposits, hydrocarbons …), sometimes in the form of fire, etc … due to this, it should be taken into account that any urbanizing action will affect the ecosystem (micro ecosystem in many cases) and byThis is essential to carry out environmental studies that value the impact on the area that is intended to transform;on the one hand to maintain the environmental values it possessed and above all to guarantee the previous balance that existed.

Understanding the environment as a system formed by natural and artificial elements that are interrelated and that are modified by human action, that is, the environment that conditions the way of life of society and that includes natural, social and cultural values that existIn a given place and moment, any urban planning model that is planned, will irrevocably affect the territory where it is implemented and transforms it into another new. It is necessary to take into consideration that the integration of the management of the territory and urban planning are key to sustainable development, so the coexistence between these disciplines is essential to achieve sustainability.

In urbanism a meaning of the environment has been implemented that is defined as “urban environment”, which is a system formed by natural and artificial elements are related and that are modified by human action. Martín Bassols Coma (1981) defines it as;"The environment that conditions the way of life of society and that includes natural, social and cultural values that exist in a given place and moment"

According to sources from the Ministry for Ecological Transition, cities in Spain have followed throughout their history the compact, complex, efficient and socially cohesive mediterranean model. Although a time to this part, an imported model of the Anglo -Saxon world, which is based on a dispersed urban model and on which a separation of uses is made;leisure, homes, industrial activity, etc …, being more inefficient and segregating the population based on their economic level.

The urban environment

The urban environment is a broad vision of the city and integrates much of aspects, such as;Mobility, Urbanism, Building, Biodiversity, Urban Metabolism, Urban Management, Relationship between Urban and Rural Environment. However, a less broad interpretation of the urban environment leads us to a modeling that pursues the following objectives:

• Air quality control (air pollution)
• Noise control and vibrations
• Quality control soils, reducing sealing and waterproofing
• Public lighting control
• Solid waste treatment and recycling
• Treatment and water depuration
• Protection of urban and peri -urban soils, whose biomass affects air quality and the city’s water cycle;runoff, water quality, status and evolution of the quality of the permits, the presence of pollutants, their evolution over time, as well as the volumes collected in the different stations of the year.
• Protection of circulating or resting surface waters;Lagos rivers, ponds, sources, etc ..
• Protection of the biological nature of the city, composed of urban, free or captive animals, urban green spaces and disseminated plant elements.
• Protection of urban furniture

The current city is thought primarily for the pedestrian and this disposition has many repercussions on the physical form of the same. Being the pedestrians the main protagonists of the cities, this refers us to various aspects that influence them, such as:

• Mobility;understood as the accessibility and ease of being able to reach any point both on foot and in private vehicle or public transportation.
• Mobility understood as the transfer of goods that provide shops, organizations (companies, schools, health centers …) and homes.
• Habitability, that is, the capacity of the cities or areas of being inhabited.

The city provides accessibility to all sectors through the use of public transport, however, the discomfort caused by current surface vehicles are several and can be defined, among others, in an impact on the urban environment related to air pollution, acoustic, as well as the terrain, especially in case of use of rolled transport on tires (which affects the land and the waters of runoff) as well as a physical danger and great occupation of public space and visual interference. The first attempt to the environment and the others represent excessive interference in public space with what remains a lot. Years ago the "Buchanan Report" 6 (1963) warned of the serious conflict between environmental quality and accessibility. Finding the balance point between both issues is not easy and much more in the case of the current city. Any urban area has a maximum traffic capacity and, exceeded that limit, the urban environment is endangered.

The city also tries to integrate the maximum number of industries inside, but there are three aspects that oppose this purpose:

The first refers to the inconvenience of all kinds that some industries can cause to the environment, which is why they are not suitable or it is convenient to place them in proximity to homes or equipment. This is the emission of bad odors or gases and dust that can contaminate the atmosphere and are harmful to health. In this sense we also find noise pollution or noise production. Finally, we find that some industries increase the rolled traffic density due to their constant activity and its necessary transfer of goods, which involves damage to the urban environment. Municipal ordinances talk about health situations for health and safety.

We find clear examples in the petrochemical industry, slaughterhouses (including meat industries), tanned factories, large sawmills, paper paste factories, basic chemicals, agrochemical products, paintings and fiber, rubber, glass,cement, stone and minerals, and probably to a lesser extent textile factories. In general, they can be included in cases of extraction of raw materials and basic industries, that is, in the first elaboration process, in addition to the manufacture of large engines, vehicles and furniture manufacturing and others.