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Nalidixic Acid and Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Urinary Bladder Infection
Urinary bladder infection reveals the presence of microbial pathogens in the bladder and tract. Cystitis is an infection of the lower urinary tract while pyelonephritis occurs in the upper tract. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are bacterial infections in the primary care second to the respiratory tract problems. Females aged 20-40 years suffer most from UTIs related to the sexual activity and processes of child bearing. More than 25% middle-aged women record approximately 8.3 million visits to the doctor. Women are at higher risk of contracting UTIs because they have a shorter urethra than men, their micturition delays, and their use of spermicides and diaphragms that encourage coliform bacteria to colonize the periurethral area (Net Doctor 35). The perineal and periurethra bacteria enter the urethra and ascend to the bladder causing infection in women. The contact of the bacteria relates to sexual activity and catheterization among other mechanical instrumentation. Women in their post menopause ages have higher rates of bladder infection because of their uterine and bladder prolapse are leading to in completing emptying of the bladder. Such women have lost estrogen along with disrupted changes in the vaginal flora that loses lactobacilli, allowing colonization of the periurethra with aerobes that are gram negative such as Escherichia coli (Net Doctor 35).
Nalidixic Acid and Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Nalidixic Acid and Sulfonamide Antibiotics treat urinary tract infections.

Nalidixic acid and sulfonamide antibiotics treat a bacterial infection; the difference is there working and composition. Sulfonamides drugs are extracted from sulfanilamide, a chemical containing sulfur. It works by disrupting production of dihydrofolic acid used by bacteria and other human cells to produce proteins. Nalidixic acid drug originates from quinolone antibiotic and treats bacterial infections(Ramesh & Aggarwal 6). Nalidixic acid kills bacteria causing infection through passing through the bacteria cells and inhibiting the DNA-gyrase enzyme. The enzyme replicates and repairs genetic material (DNA) of the bacteria. The drug ensures that DNA-gyrase enzyme fails to work causing the bacteria not to reproduce and repair themselves, which kills them. High levels of Nalidixic acid filters from the blood to the urine through the kidneys, thus treating present infections in the urinary tract.
The nalidixic acid drug failed in the patient probably because she/ he had a decreased functioning of the kidney and lacking enzyme G6PD in the blood. He/she could be over 60 years suffering from a lung or a kidney transplant. The patient could be taking corticosteroid medication, an adolescent, or a child with weak muscles. The nalidixic acid drug does not work well in patients with these conditions. Sulfonamide is the best treatment for bacterial urinary tract infections. However, people with hypersensitivity and severe reactions (Ramesh & Aggarwal 6). The patient did not have any hypersensitivity and other reactions, which contributed success when she/he used it.
Moreover, the patient could be having frequent infections in the urinary tract such as women because of short urethras. Thus, she knew when the infection occurred and when to get sulfur medication. The patient kidney and lungs were functioning as required and they were not transplants ensuring the sediments of the medicine did not build in the kidneys forming stones. Sulfonamides work quickly in the body ensuring the person regains their health. Probably the patient did not complete the dose and follow the instructions given causing the infection to increase (Ramesh & Aggarwal 7).
Works cited
Net Doctor. ‘Nalidixic acid.’ Net doctor (2011). Retrieved fromhttp://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/infections/a7709/nalidixic-acid/Ramesh Hotchandani, & Aggarwal, KK. ‘Urinary tract infections.’ Indian journal of clinical practice (2012), vol.23, No.4. pp. 1-8